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A T A L
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KULTURNO NASLEDSTVO
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Na
tloto na Makedonija so vekovi se prisutni razli~ni kulturni vlijanija, koi
sozdale brojni umetni~ki tvorbi. Me|utoa, vo opusot na umetni~kite ostvaruvawa,
odbele`jata na tradicionalnata narodna umetnost i makedonskata etni~ka samobitnost,
ostanale po mnogu ne{ta originalni, pred sé vo literaturata, muzikata, folklorot,
likovnata umetnost, arhitekturata. I den denes eden pokraj drug stojat ostatoci
od anti~ki palati, ranohristijanski baziliki, srednovekovni crkvi, xamii,
tvrdini, kako nemi svedoci na minatoto. Kulturnoto tvore{tvo e neprocenlivo
blago po koe Makedonija se prepoznava vo svetot i e rezultat od edno ogromno
akumulirano op{testveno umeewe prenesuvano od pokolenie na pokolenie. Preku
staroslovenskoto kulturno minato, vo ova tvore{tvo se isprepleteni mnogu
elementi karakteristi~ni za balkanskata kultura, za ~ij razvoj golemo vlijanie
imala vizantiskata kultura i kulturata na Orientot. Bogatstvoto i raznovidnosta
se osobeno prisutni vo narodnite nosii koi se javuvaat so brojni varijanti
vo ramkite na opredelena etni~ka celina. Prekrasnite vezovi, tkaenini, pletila,
nosii, nakit i razni formi na narodno kitewe i ukrasuvawe, site zaedno napraveni
so nepovtorliva ornamentalna dekoracija, specifi~ni tehniki i tehnolo{ko-kreativni
procesi, pretstavuvaat svoevidna manifestacija na `ivotot i umetnosta. Neiscrpnoto
bogatstvo elementi od narodniot vez i besprekorniot spektar od boi, se slevaat
niz belinata na ra~no tkaenoto leneno platno na ko{ulite, prestilkite, zdolni{tata,
elecite, ~orapite. Sovr{enata preciznost i tehnikata na tie race, niz vezot
ja raska`uvaat veli~estvenata saga za Makedonija. Narodnite nosii i tvore~kite
disciplini {to gi sledea, se re~isi napu{teni i se na pat da is~eznat. Zasega
prodol`uvaat da egzistiraat preku prezentacijata na folklorot, za {to osoben
pridones imaat kulturno-umetni~kite dru{tva i narodni ansambli koi profesionalno
ili amaterski go neguvaat i afirmiraat makedonskiot folklor. Sekako deka
me|u niv primatot go ima dr`avniot ansambl za narodni igri i pesni „Tanec“
od Skopje, koj godinava odbele`a golem jubilej – 50 godini od negovoto formirawe.
Kako konzervator na na{ata umetnost i `iv podvi`en muzej na na{eto kulturno
bogatstvo, „Tanec“ ja raznese {irum svetot ubavinata na makedonskite ora
i pesni gostuvaj}i na site kontinenti. |
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Grobot na Goce Del~ev-Skopje / The
thomb of Goce Delcev-Skopje
Sv. Naum-Ohrid /
St. Naum-Ohrid
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ZEMJA
SO MNOGUVEKOVNA ISTORIJA
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CULTURAL HERITAGE
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Makedonija
ima svoja bogata mnoguvekovna istorija, kako retko koja zemja na ovie balkanski
prostori. Mnoguvekovniot nepokor ja pravi ovaa zemja gorda na svojata istorija,
bidej}i i pokraj sé do den dens opstana vo srceto na Balkanot. Vistinskoto
jaknewe na anti~kata makedonska dr`ava zapo~nuva so doa|aweto na Filip Vtori
na kralskiot prestol vo 359 g.p.n.e., za potoa da go nasledi negoviot sin
Aleksandar Makedonski, koj gi pro{iril granicite na makedonskoto carstvo
do Jadranskoto More, Indija i Egipet. Negovata osnovna cel bila da gi obedini
vode~kite civilizacii na toga{niot svet i da gi ukine granicite me|u niv,
a ne da gi pokori i uni{ti. Nekolku decenii po negovata smrt Makedonija
ja zagubila svojata nezavisnost, a posledniot makedonski kral vo anti~kiot
period bil Persej. Vo vremeto na Vizantija, periodot na hristijanizacijata
ima{e za cel kulturna i religiska asimilacija na naselenieto na podra~jeto
na Makedonija, za da se zgasne negovata etni~ka i kulturna samosvest. No
ona {to se slu~i, go stori tokmu sprotivnoto: go afirmira i go razvi ~uvstvoto
na jazi~en i kulturen identitet, a Kiril i Metodij od misioneri, gi prestori
vo vistinski prosvetiteli i spasiteli na kulturniot integritet na `itelite
na Makedonija, davaj}i im go ona najva`noto za eden narod pismenost i sopstveno
kirili~no pismo. Najgolemata slava i mo} {to ja do`iveala Makedonija po
Aleksandar Makedonski, e Samoilovoto carstvo (kon krajot na 10-ot vek) koe
se protegalo od bregot na Crno More do Zadar na Jadran i od Dunav do Egej.
Negovata kusa no slavna epopeja zavr{i so bitkata na Belasica vo 1014 g.
kade {to bea oslepeni makedonskite vojnici. Po padot na ova carstvo, Makedonija
stanala popri{te na dolgoro~nite interesi na najmo}nite dr`avi vo regionot,
a od krajot na 14-ot vek i vo narednite pet stoletija, na ovie prostori
vladeala Turskata imperija. Od ponovata istorija na ovoj vek, kako primer
za makedonskiot nepokor i re{enosta po sekoja cena da ostane ona {to e,
gi izdvojuvame: Ilindenskoto vostanie na 2 avgust 1903g. vo Kru{evo i Prvoto
zasedanie na ASNOM odr`ano vo manastirot Prohor P~inski na 2 avgust 1944
g. koga bea udreni temelite na nejzinata dr`avnost vo ramkite na toga{na
FNR Jugoslavija. So Referendumot od 1991g. Makedonija se stekna so dolgo
o~ekuvanata samostojnost i nezavisnost. Na 8 april 1993g. republika Makedonija
stana 181-ta ~lenka na Organizacijata na Obedinetite Nacii (OON). Ovoj kratok
presek na istoriskite premre`ja na Makedonija, najdobro govori za voljata
i silata kaj makedonskiot narod da se za~uva sopstveniot identitet i sopstvenata
zemja, no i onoj osnoven kvalitet so koj taa se identifikuva od samiot po~etok
– Makedonija, zemja, na site onie koi znaat i sakaat da `iveat zaedno vo
nea. Denes vo Republika Makedonija `iveat okolu 2 milioni `iteli, od koi
okolu 1 290. 000 se Makedonci ili 66,5% od vkupnoto naselenie, potoa 22,9%
Albanci, 4,8% Turci, 2,73% Romi, 2,17% Srbi, 0,40% Vlasi i 4,28% ostanati
nacionalnosti. Voglavno naselenieto e koncetrirano vo gradovite, najmnogu
vo glavniot grad Skopje i negovata po{iroka okolina, a drugi pogolemi gradovi
se: Bitola, Prilep, Kumanovo, Veles, Tetovo, [tip, Ohrid, Gostivar, Kavadarci,
Strumica, Gevgelija, Ko~ani, Negotino. Oficijalen jazik vo Makedonija e
makedonskiot, a pismoto e kirili~no.
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Through
centuries, Macedonia has been subject to different cultural influences that
have enabled creation of numerous artistic works. Within the corpus of the
Macedonian artistic achievements, however, the features of the traditional
folk art and Macedonian ethnic self-being remain original in many respects,
above all in literature, music, folklore, fine art, and architecture. Remains
of antique palaces, early Christian basilicas, Mediaeval churches, mosques,
and fortresses have stayed side by side till the very day as the silent
witnesses of the past. Cultural heritage is an immeasurable treasure that
distinguishes Macedonia in the world and has resulted in a huge, accumulated
social knowledge and skills conveyed from one to another generation. Through
the Old Slavic cultural past, this heritage has interwoven in itself numerous
elements typical for the Balkan culture, whose development was largely influenced
by Byzantine and Oriental cultures. In particular, richness and diversity
are found in Macedonian folk costumes that can have numerous variants within
certain ethnic entity. Marvelous embroideries, cloths, knitted pieces of
clothing, jewelry and different forms of ornamenting, all of them made by
unrepeatable decoration and specific techniques, are certain demonstration
of life and art. Inexhaustible richness of elements in the popular embroidery
and the irreproachable spectrum of colours permeate the whiteness of hand-woven
linen in shirts, aprons, skirts, sleeveless jackets, and socks. The perfect
preciseness and skills of those hands narrate the extraordinary saga of
Macedonia through their embroideries. Nowadays, the folk costumes and the
process of their creation are almost abandoned and are at risk of vanishing.
So far their existence continues through folklore presentations where folk
ensembles that cherish and affirm Macedonian folklore on a professional
or amateur level give special contribution. Amongst them, the most prominent
place is taken by Tanec State Ensemble of Folk Songs and Dances in Skopje.
This year Tanec celebrates a momentous jubilee 50 years of its existence.
A conserver of our art and live museum of our cultural treasure, Tanec has
spread the beauty of Macedonian folk dances and songs throughout the world
performing all continents. |
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Sv. Kliment Ohridski-Skopje
/ St. Kliment of Ohrid-Skopje |
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COUNTRY WITH LONG-CENTURY HISTORY
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Macedonia has a rich and long-century tradition
as rarely any country in the Balkans. The long-century non-submissiveness
makes this country proud of its history because despite all turbulences
it has survived and endured in the heart of the Balkans until today. Real
strengthening of the ancient Macedonian state commenced with the ascent
of King Phillip II in 359 B.C. who was succeeded by his son Alexander of
Macedonia. Alexander was the one who expanded the boundaries of the Macedonian
empire to the Adriatic, India, and Egypt. His principal goal was uniting
the then leading civilizations in the world by abolishing the boundaries
among them, rather than subduing and destroying them. Several decades after
his death Macedonia lost its independence with Perseus being the last Macedonian
king in the ancient period. During the Byzantine era, a period of Christianisation
had cultural and religious assimilation of the populations in the area of
Macedonia as its goal in order to extinguish their ethnic and cultural self-awareness.
The result was quite the opposite. It helped in affirming and developing
the sense of cultural and language identity and turned Cyril and Methodius
from missionaries into real educators and saviours of the cultural integrity
of Macedonian people giving them what was the most important for a people
literacy and their own Cyrilic script. The highest glory and power, Macedonia
experienced after the reign of Alexander of Macedonia was in the shape of
the Samuel’s Empire (at the end of the 10th century) that stretched from
the coast of the Black Sea to Zadar in the Adriatic, and from Danube to
the Aegean. Its short and glorious epopee ended with the battle at Belasica
in 1041 when the enemy blinded every one in two soldiers. After the fall
of the empire Macedonia became a flashpoint of long-term interests of the
most powerful states in the region, and since the end of the 14th century
it was under the Ottoman Empire for five centuries. The recent history of
this century also has examples of Macedonia’s inobedinence and determination
to remain what it was at any expense. Some of them are: the Ilinden rebellion
of August 2, 1903 in Krusevo and the First Antifascist Assembly of People’s
Liberation in Macedonia (ASNOM), held in the monastery of Prohor Pcinjski
on August 2, 1944 when the foundations of Macedonia’s statehood within the
then People’s Federative Republic of Yugoslavia were laid. A 1991 referendum
enabled Macedonia to get its long-awaited sovereignty and independence.
On April 8, 1993 Macedonia became the 181st member of the United Nations.
This brief cross-section of the historical turbulences in Macedonia speaks
of the will and strength of the Macedonian people to preserve their own
identity and the country, as well as this basic quality it has been identified
with since the very beginning Macedonia, a country of all who know how to
live in it and who want to live in it. Today, the Republic of Macedonia
is a country of around two million out of which 1,290.000 (66.5%) are Macedonians.
Ethnic Albanians make 22.9% of the population; ethnic Turks 4.8%; Roma 2.73%;
Serbs 2.17%; Vlachs 0.40%; and other nationalities comprise 4.28%. The population
is mainly concentrated in urban areas, mostly in the capital Skopje and
its wider surroundings. Other major cities and towns are: Bitola, Prilep,
Kumanovo, Veles, Tetovo, Stip, Ohrid, Gostivar, Kavadarci, Strumica, Gevgelija,
Kocani, Negotino. The official language is Macedonian and the script that
is in usage is Cyrlic.
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Kurbinovo / Kurbinovo
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Kali{ta-Struga / Kalista-Struga
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Pejza` od Makedonija-Mavrovsko Ezero
/ Landscape from Macedonia- Lake Mavrovo |
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