2,323 years from the death of the Macedonian
King Alexander III of Macedon (336-323 BC)

THE INVINCIBLE MACEDONIAN PHALANX

        Not long ago we visited the monumental archaeological remnants of the ancient Macedonian city of Stobi, at the impressive Macedonian theatre of “the city of columns,” the city of “White dawn” (Bilazora.) Here we remembered its Macedonian continuous existence from prehistory until today, and at this “old City” as the Roman historian Tit Livy (59 -17 BC) calls it in his 142 volume “History of the Founding of the City,” we marked the occasion of 2,323 years from the death of the most exceptional statesman and greatest general of the ancient world and all time, Alexander III of Macedon (356-323 BC.) Alexander, king of the Macedonians in 336-323 BC, and most legendary personality of the past thousands of years, is present in the literature of more than 80 nations around the world, from England to the Malaysian Peninsula.
        This outstanding Macedonian and giant of all freedom-loving and peaceful nations in the world has given us the undestructible philosophy of cosmopolitanism, i.e. of bringing nations together, mythologies, cultures, gods, religions, etc., all in the interest of the flourishing and widespreading of Macedonian civilization, which emerges today as a substratum of the developed cultures and civilizations in the world.

        Most famed épopée

This most famous épopée from the time of Philip II of Macedon (382 - 336 BC) and Alexander III of Macedon, which forever made Macedonia and the Macedonians famous, even today remains the land stone of eternity. With his thorny, but dazzling way he radiates hope and light for all who are and who feel Macedonian.
        As early as 337 BC Philip II of Macedon, after his glorious victory at Hieron in 338 BC, managed to convince every city-state from Attika to Pelopones, with the exception of Sparta, that they recognise the hegemony of Macedonia. But, the wisest man of the ancient world never permitted them to become a constitutive element of the Macedonian state, that is, the Macedonian empire. Following his cunning murder in 336 BC during the big celebrations at Ege, the most divine burial place of all Macedonian kings, his son Alexander III of Macedon intervened most energetically against all vanity of the so-called Hellenic city-states, especially Thebes, which he destroyed down to the ground, and against every attempt of the Trakians, Triballians, Getai, or Giti, Illyrians, and Skythians, protecting the integrity of the Macedonian government and strengthening the Capital of the Macedonian empire in Pella.

        Graduating from the Macedonian university at Stageira, he gained exceptional knowledge from the Macedonian philosopher and scholar, Aristotle, and using his immense ingenuity, adroitness, cleverness and strategic talent, during the winter of 335-334 BC he made detailed preparations, put together the most modern army in the world, gathered allies, recruited a mercenary army, prepared ships and learnt about military matters and war. Despite the difficult financial situation in which he found himself with a debt of 1,300 tallants because he had invested every financial means into the armed forces, Alexander III of Macedon founded the largest and best quality army in the thousands of years existence of Macedonia and the Macedonians.
        The Macedonian army during the period of this ingenuous general Alexander III of Macedon, possessed every kind of tactical quality. Even compared to European and with all other enemies in the Asian wars, in regard to tactics and operationally, his army was by far the most powerful and invincible. Thus, he left Philip’s experienced general, Antipatros, to guard the Macedonian state and its Capital, Pella, with an infantry regiment of 12,000 and 1,500 cavalry. In the spring of 334 BC, with an infantry regiment of 30,000 (19,000 heavy, 9,000 medium, and 2,000 light,) and approximately 5,200 cavalry (3,400 heavy and 1,800 light) Alexander III of Macedon crossed Hellespont (Dardanelles) with more than 160 ships, some of which trading ships, and departed from the Macedonian Peninsula setting off to see and learn about the world, seeking the end of the earth, conquering Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, Persia, all the way to the Indus River and establishing a Macedonian empire over a total territory of 3.8 million square kilometres. He dispersed approximately 1,000,000 people from Macedonia and the Macedonian Peninsula to the 80 newly established cities named Alexandria in which he planted the seed of Macedonian traditional culture and civilization. He gained the virtue of fighting to be recognised and invincible, to be the greatest of all military leaders of all time, through courage, knowledge and insurpassable ingenuity of a strategist in battles such as that near the Granik River in 334 BC; near Is in 333 BC; and near the village of Gavgamela in 331 BC. Applying the same ingenuous “tactics of acute angle formation,” he achieved great victories against the bigger Persian army of Dareios III Kodoman (335-330 BC.)

        Methodical and destructive strategy

Military analysts claim that Alexander III of Macedon represents the methodical and destructive strategy. In the tactics field he used simultaneous action of the cavalry and infantry, the invincible Macedonian phalanx, while his Macedonian military genius was based on at least 13,000 years of continuous written tradition of Macedonian civilization, and on exceptionally wide general Macedonian culture. This enabled him to be a strategist, philosopher, doctor, scholar, builder, diplomat, statesman, researcher, conqueror and visionary. Despite his entire cosmopolitanism, the ingenuous statesman and military leader, Alexander III of Macedon, always felt like a Macedonian. According to the sources, somewhere near Hircania, before the elite Macedonian corps of 20,000 infantry men and 3,000 cavalry he announced: “I conquer the world for the Macedonians.” His idea was to establish a new world social structure, where each nation, race, religion, and culture will intertwine within the framework of the great Macedonian empire having a new Capital administrative, cultural, trading, economic, and religious city “as planned by his architects,” according to Herakles and the Alexandrians, and at the same time, according to Plutarch “…he established a great inhabited city to be remembered by…giving it his own name.” Alexandria, between Lake Marsot and the island of Far had an architectural and constructive composition in the form of a Macedonian “hlamida.” According to the Macedonian architect, Deinokrat Rodoski’s plan, and under the supervision of Kleoman of Nevkratis, construction of the new world Macedonian Capital began towards the end of 332 BC and beginning of 331 BC. Until the establishment of Constantinople, Alexandria in Egypt was the major centre of the Mediterranean Sea. The largest library of the ancient world was built here, whose director in the 3rd century BC was the famous Macedonian scholar, Eradosten. The population of Alexandria aroud the 1st century counted approximately 1,000,000 citizens, while its total area in about 100 BC had reached 891 hectare.
        In the seven million state of Egypt, Alexander was the only one to have received all divine honours expressed in the form of three ranks: as Horus he was god, as the “son of Ra” he was the son of God, and as “loved by Amon” he was the gods’ favourite, chosen by Ra. After he conquered Egypt and was declaired Pharaoh of Egypt, he managed to conquer all four Capitals of the Persian Empire: Babylon, Susa, Persepol, and Ekbatana. In Susa he took Dareios III Kodoman’s tremendous wealth amounting to approximately 50,000 tallants in gold and silver, gaining an even greater wealth in Persepol and Rasargada.
        In 331 BC the so-called Ellins of Sparta, with the help of some Persians rebelled in an uprising against Macedonian rule. However, Philip’s highly experienced and resolute general, Antipatar, brought this uprising to an end by defeating the Spartans near Megalopolis, which enbled Alexander III of Macedon to proceed his winning operation towards the northeastern parts of Dareios’ Empire.
        In 330 BC Dareios III Kodoman took shelter in Medeion, but only managed to gather 6,000 infantry men and 3,000 cavalry. Therefore, he retreated from Erbakana towards Baktria, and in 330 BC he was killed by his satrap, Bes, who was headed East while running from the Macedonian cavalry and the Macedonian invincible phalanx. In 329 BC the Macedonian army crossed the Parapamis river and entered Baktria. Later, it crossed the Ox (Amu - Daria) where Alexander III of Macedon captured and executed Bes. After this he reached as far as Yaksart (Sir -Daria) on the northwestern border of the once Persian Empire where he remained until the spring of 327 BC.

        Refused to obey

        Leaving a powerful army behind in Baktria, in the summer of 327 BC Alexander III of Macedon once again crossed the Parapamis river together with about 40,000 people, of whom many were new. In the spring of 326 BC he crossed the Indus river, and near the Hidaspa river he defeated the Indian King Por. During the period of tropical rains, Alexander III of Macedon resumed his conquest and research to Penjab, and reached the Hifasa river. However, for the first time the weary Macedonian army refused to obey the Macedonian king through passive behaviour. Since there was danger of this developing into a rebellion, he ordered their retreat back to their father land. With the newly formed Macedonian fleet, the Macedonian king Alexander and the Macedonian admiral Nearchos, and part of the Macedonian army, flowed 1,600 km down the Indus river, all the way to its tributary into the Indian Ocean, where they arrived in 325 BC. The other part of the Macedonian army, led by the Macedonian general Krateros, followed him on land. From here, Krateros and part of the army were sent to Babylon through Arahozija, while the first Macedonian admiral Nearchos and the Macedonian fleet were sent on a scientific expedition along the coast of the Persian Gulf. Alexander III of Macedon and the majority of the Macedonian army set out across the desert lands of Gedrosia and reached Pura, leaving three quarters of his army in the harsh desert lands of Gedrosia. In December of 325 BC he met with Krater near Pasargada and immediately set off for Susa, which he reached in 324 BC.
        Establishing his authority through taking energetic measures, Alexander III of Macedon began huge preparations for a campaign against Arabia with the aim of linking his richest provinces, Babylon and Egypt. The army and fleet were prepared for the campaign, but according to some sources on 10 June, and according to others on 13 June, 323 BC, Alexander III of Macedon died in Babylon due to illness or gradual poisoning.
        The impressive work of this Macedonian king was created thanks to his exceptional intellectual and ingenuous military skill, thanks to the power of the invincible Macedonian army led by exceptionally talented Macedonian generals in their campaign to conquer the world, and in the greatest scientific expedition to discover the world. Alexander III of Macedon is most deserving for the spread of the Macedonian culture to the eastern countries with the aim of uniting the majority of people, races, and cultures through the huge Macedonian empire of 3.8 million square kilometres of Macedonia (the Macedonian Peninsula) and the Mediterranean Sea, all the way to the Indus river, and from the Nile river to Sir-Daria. He established a new era in the history of mankind. He tried to unite it, creating a new era of Macedonianism, where Macedonia’s spiritual and intellectual inheritance, as a mythological, prehistoric, historic, and pre-biblical land, of the Macedonians, as the oldest civilized nation in the world, as Macedonianism, as substratum of the oldest written and other traditions in the world, as a most progressive global movement in the philosophy of Macedonian syncretism as a “field for cultural competiton of the nations” all of which entered, accustomed and outlived every form of Roman life and culture establishing the foundations of not only modern Western civilization, but the entire civilized world.